Study of Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy with Duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Chronic DM sequelae include microvascular complications like retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy as well as macrovascular concerns including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. The most frequent long-term microvascular consequence of diabetes mellitus and a major contributor to vision impairment and blindness is diabetic retinopathy, which is also potentially preventable. In this study, an effort has been made to measure and detail the relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy and duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy with duration of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Materials and Methods: 50 cases of type 2 DM were included in this study. Detailed history including age & sex of the patient, duration of diabetes, anterior segment and detailed fundus examination was carried out & grading of DR was done based on ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study).
Results: Out of all,35 patients were having some form of DR on presentation. The mean ages of mild, moderate, severe NPDR & PDR were 57.94±3.99, 59.82±5.28, 62.67±13.38, 68.33±3.33 years respectively. The mean duration for DM in the study for mild, moderate, severe NPDR and PDR were 7.17±1.98, 9.73±3.17, 13±3.06 & 21.33±9.33 years respectively.
Conclusions: Severity of diabetic retinopathy was strongly associated with duration of type 2 DM.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. Hegde S.S, Vekategowda H.T. Association of Lipid Profile with diabetic Retinopathy- A comparative study. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016; 6(7): 74-81.
II. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology 1998;105:1801-15.
III. Klein R, Klein BE, Moss SE, Cruickshanks KJ. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy: XVII. The 14-year incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk factors in type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology. 1998 Oct;105(10):1801-15.
IV. Mitchell P, Smith W, Wang JJ, Attebo K. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in an older community: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.Ophthalmology 1998; 105 : 406-11.
V. Rema M, Premkumar S, Anitha B, Deepa R, Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in urban India: The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES) Eye Study, I. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46 : 2328-33.
VI. Broadbent DM, Scott JA, Vora JP, Harding SP. Prevalence of diabetic eye disease in an inner city population: the Liverpool Diabetic Eye Study. Eye 1999; 13 : 160-5.
VII. Hamilton AMP, Ulbig MW, Polkinghorne P.Management of Diabetic retinopathy.Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers.1-282.
VIII. Stephen J Ryan. Diabetic retinopathy.Retina. Vol2.5th edition.Elsevier. 907-1000.
IX. Gupta MM, Chari S.Lipid Peroxidation And Antioxidant Status In Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 49 (2) : 187–192
X. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs--an extension of the modified Airlie House classification.ETDRS report number 10. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1991 May;98(5 Suppl):786-806.
XI. Finkel R, Clark MA, Cubeddu LX.Lippincott’s Illustrated reviews : Pharmacology, 4th edition.286-298
XII. Tripathi KD.Essentials of Medical Pharmacology.6th edition.Jaypee Brother Medical Publishers.254-274.
XIII. Niveditha H, Yogitha C, Liji P, Sundeep Shetty, N.V.V. Himamshu, Vinutha BV, Pooja Patil. “Clinical correlation of hba1c and diabetic nephropathy with diabetic retinopathy”. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013; Vol. 2, Issue 49, December 09; Page: 9430-9435.
XIV. Gadkari, Salil S; Maskati, Quresh B; Nayak, Barun Kumar. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in India: The All India Ophthalmological Society Diabetic Retinopathy Eye Screening Study 2014. Indian Journal of Ophthalmology 64(1):p 38-44, January 2016. | DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.178144
XV. D.S, Bagzai A. Correlation between Severity of diabetic Retinopathy with HbA1C in type Diabetes patients. J Med Sci Cli Res. 2019; 7(3): 294-98.
XVI. Manaviat MR, Rashidi M, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Shoja MR. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Ophthalmol. 2008 Jun 2;8:10. doi: 10.1186/1471-2415-8-10. PMID: 18513455; PMCID: PMC2435518.
XVII. Nagasree DVC, Rachakonda R. Study of prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and correlation with risk factors. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2018;7(31):3452-3456, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/778
XVIII. Abhishek Padha, Swati Sharma, Dinesh Gupta, Prateek Koul. Study of the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with duration of Diabetes mellitus longer than 10 years – a study from a tertiary care hospital in North- India. JMSCR. 2018;06(11): 336-344.
XIX. El-Bab MF, Zaki NS, Mojaddidi MA, Al-Barry M, El-Beshbishy HA. Diabetic retinopathy is associated with oxidative stress and mitigation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Int J Gen Med. 2013 Sep 19;6:799-806. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S40665. PMID: 24092995; PMCID: PMC3787894.
XX. Intan lamy, Hesti Triwahyu Hutami, Fifin Luthfia Rahm. The association of diabetes duration with the severity of diabetic retinpathy. Diponegoro medical journal. 2021;10(1):64-68.